Crystallization damage by sodium sulfate
WebSep 30, 2024 · The results show that the CGFB samples were damaged by salt crystallization in the dry state and attacked by the expansive products in the wet state. The sulfate ion contents in CGFB samples increased with the sulfate concentrations and drying-wetting cycles and decreased from the surface to the inside of the samples. WebT1 - Crystallization damage by sodium sulfate. AU - Tsui, Nicholas. AU - Flatt, Robert J. AU - Scherer, George W. N1 - Funding Information: N. Tsui was supported during the …
Crystallization damage by sodium sulfate
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WebTo predict and prevent crystallization damage of porous materials it is necessary to know the salt phase that is responsible for damage as well as its nucleation and growth behavior. The crystallization of sodium sulfate can be induced by increasing the supersaturation either by drying or by cooling of a sample. In this study the ... WebMay 27, 2024 · The massive damage (>50%) showed the specimen containing single sodium sulfate crystals which are during wetting subjected to phase transition …
WebApr 1, 2003 · Sodium sulphate can crystallise inside the surface and switch between two phases (Na 2 SO 4 and Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O) with an explosive effect due to hydration …
Webcontinuous capillary rise compensating for water evaporation. Two main mechanisms are proposed to explain the extensive damage caused by sodium sulfate: hydration pressure and crystallization pressure. In … WebSingle Crystals Pure Element Single Crystals ... Sodium sulfate anhydrous is used primarily for drying non-aqueous solvents by removing traces of water. It is used as a fining agent for molten glass, levelling agent in textile processing, and filler in detergents. ... G. W. Crystallization Damage by Sodium Sulfate. J. Cult. Herit. 2003, 4 (2 ...
WebSep 11, 2014 · Sodium sulfate can crystallize in at least eight different crystalline phases. At 20 °C, two are stable and three are metastable. The stable phases are mirabilite (or …
WebWe investigate the origins of salt damage in sandstones for the two most common salts: sodium chloride and sulfate. The results show that the observed difference in damage … ios 12 itunes download freeWebThe hollow cylinder method was used to estimate the expansion stress that can occur in concrete due to the crystallisation pressure caused by the formation of ettringite and/or gypsum during external sulphate attack. Hardened cement paste hollow cylinders prepared with Portland cement were mounted in stress cells and exposed to sodium sulphate … on the rocks hastingsWebFeb 7, 2013 · In this study, we show that the key to understand why the same salt can cause damage in some conditions and not in others is the kinetics of crystallization. We … on the rocks hell\u0027s kitchenWebJun 7, 2014 · The crystallization of sodium sulfate hydrates is an exothermic process (Anderson 1984; Bing et al. 2007 ). This means that crystallization and dissolution of hydrates could be monitored through temperature measurement of a saturated solution undergoing cooling/heating cycles. ios 13 apple watchWebAt the same time, the outer walls of the Cat27-CA/BS MCs generated by different concentrations of sodium sulfate were characterized by SEM. Figure 3 shows that only a trace amount of barium sulfate crystals was formed on the walls of the Cat27-CA/BS MCs in the 0.1% sodium sulfate group. When the concentration of sodium sulfate was 0.3% ... ios 12 new featuresWebJan 1, 2002 · Sodium sulfate is known as the most damaging salt for stones and other porous building materials. 24, 47, 48 Because of this, sodium sulfate is employed in salt … ios 13 beta 8 release dateWebMar 1, 2013 · Macroscopic and microscopic scale experiments using magnetic resonance imaging and phase contrast microscopy demonstrate that sodium sulfate that has both hydrated and anhydrous phases can … on the rocks harrisburg sd